First, clean your fresh oysters (talaba) thoroughly under running water. Pat them completely dry using paper towels (tuyuin ng mabuti gamit ang paper towel). Let them reach room temperature (27°C/80°F) if they were refrigerated. This ensures even cooking (para pantay ang pagkakaluto).
Prepare all your ingredients before starting: finely chop the onion (tadtarin ang sibuyas), mince the garlic (dikdikin ang bawang), and julienne the ginger (hiwain ng pahaba ang luya). Having everything ready makes the cooking process smooth and prevents overcooking (para hindi lumambot masyado ang talaba).
Set your stove to medium heat (katamtamang init or 180°C/350°F). Place your heavy-bottom pan or kawali over the heat. Pour the canola oil and wait for it to become hot but not smoking. Add the butter and allow it to melt completely, swirling the pan to combine with the oil.
Once the butter has melted, add your chopped onions to the pan. Cook them for 2-3 minutes, stirring occasionally, until they become translucent. You don't want them to brown, just to soften and become fragrant.
Add the minced garlic and julienned ginger to the pan. Cook for one minute, stirring constantly to prevent burning (haluin palagi para hindi masunog). The garlic should become fragrant but not brown (mabango pero hindi kulay brown ang bawang).
Gently add your cleaned oysters to the pan. Sauté them carefully for one minute, moving them around the pan with a gentle hand (igisa ng marahan). Remember that oysters are delicate and don't need much cooking.
Pour in your Filipino soy sauce or toyo. Add the black pepper (paminta) and Thai chilies if using. Cook for another minute, gently stirring to coat the oysters with the sauce (haluing mabuti para mabalutan ng sarsa ang talaba).
Lower the heat to medium-low (hinaan ang apoy or 160°C/320°F). Pour in the calamansi juice. Let everything simmer gently for 2-3 minutes until the sauce reduces slightly (pakuluan hanggang lumapot ng kaunti ang sarsa). Avoid stirring too much at this point to keep the oysters tender.
Taste your sauce and adjust the seasoning with salt (asin) if needed. Remember that soy sauce is already salty, so add salt carefully (mag-ingat sa paglalagay ng asin dahil maalat na ang toyo).
Turn off the heat once the sauce has slightly thickened and the oysters are just cooked through. They should be plump and tender, not shrunken or rubbery (dapat malaman at malambot ang talaba, hindi kumukulubot o matigas).
Serve your Adobong Talaba immediately while hot (ihain habang mainit pa) over steaming white rice (mainit na kanin). For the best experience, have some patis (fish sauce) on the side and garnish with fresh calamansi halves if available.
If you need to store leftovers, let them cool to room temperature first, then place in an airtight container. Keep in the refrigerator for up to three days. When reheating, do so gently over medium-low heat (160°C/320°F) just until warmed through to prevent the oysters from becoming tough (initin ng marahan para hindi matigas ang talaba).